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Mode (literature)
In literature, a mode is an employed method or approach, identifiable within a written work. As descriptive terms, form and genre are often used inaccurately instead of mode; for example, the pastoral mode is often mistakenly identified as a genre. The Writers Web site feature, ''A List of Important Literary Terms'', defines mode thus:
An unspecific critical term usually identifying a broad, but identifiable literary method, mood, or manner, that is not tied exclusively to a particular form or genre. () examples are the satiric mode, the ironic, the comic, the pastoral, and the didactic. (CB)
==History of mode==
In his ''Poetics'', the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle uses 'mode' in a more specific sense. Kinds of 'poetry' (the term includes drama, flute music, and lyre music for Aristotle), he writes, may be differentiated in three ways: according to their ''medium'' of imitation, according to their ''objects'' of imitation, and according to their ''mode'' or 'manner' of imitation (section I). "For the medium being the same, and the objects the same, the poet may imitate by narration—in which case he can either take another personality as Homer does, or speak in his own person, unchanged—or he may present all his characters as living and moving before us" (section III). According to this definition, 'narrative' and 'dramatic' are ''modes'' of fiction:
:"This is not merely a technical distinction but constitutes, rather, one of the cardinal principles of a poetics of the drama as opposed to one of narrative fiction. The distinction is, indeed, implicit in Aristotle's differentiation of representational modes, namely ''diegesis'' (narrative description) versus ''mimesis'' (direct imitation). It has, as we shall see, important consequences for both the logic and the language of the drama."〔Elam (1980, 111).〕
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